DOING BUSINESS IN BRAZIL (EN)

fevereiro 14, 2024

INTRO


In a globalized world, where economic boundaries are increasingly fluid, Brazil stands out as a promising destination for international investments. With its vast territorial expanse, wealth of natural resources, and a diverse and entrepreneurial population, this South American country offers a vibrant business environment full of opportunities.

The Brazilian economy, one of the largest in the world, is characterized by a complex mix of modernity and traditions, innovation, and a deep respect for its rich cultural heritage. Companies from across the globe looking to expand their operations or explore new markets find fertile ground in Brazil, not just because of the economic opportunities it offers, but also due to the receptiveness and cultural diversity that characterize this country.

However, doing business in Brazil, like in any international market, presents unique challenges. From navigating a complex legal and tax system to understanding cultural nuances in business practices, foreign companies face a learning curve when entering the Brazilian market. In this context, specialized legal and business advisory becomes not just useful, but essential for success.

This article compiles the experience of Vanzin & Penteado Advogados law firm in structuring foreign companies in Brazil, offering a comprehensive overview of the most important aspects of doing business in Brazil. We will cover everything from the economic and political landscape to specific legal aspects, such as company incorporation, the tax system, labor laws, and the crucial understanding of the RADAR system for international trade. Our goal is to provide a detailed and practical guide, enabling foreign companies to navigate successfully and confidently in the dynamic Brazilian market.

1 ) ECONOMIC OVERVIEW OF BRAZIL


Firstly, when considering business expansion to Brazil, it is essential to understand the country's economic and political landscape, both fundamental for devising effective market strategies. Brazil, being the largest economy in Latin America and one of the largest in the world, presents a diversified economic scenario full of opportunities. Characterized by a robust agricultural sector, an expanding manufacturing industry, and a growing service sector, Brazil is not just an agricultural giant but also an important industrial and technological hub.

In recent years, the Brazilian economy has shown signs of recovery and stabilization, after periods of economic turbulence. This growth is driven by a series of structural reforms aimed at increasing competitiveness and attractiveness for foreign investments. The country also benefits from vast natural resources, which continue to attract significant investments in sectors such as mining, energy, and agriculture.

2 ) POLITICAL LANDSCAPE IN BRAZIL


From a political standpoint, Brazil is a democracy with multiple political parties. The Brazilian political landscape, though sometimes volatile, has shown a capacity for resilience and adaptation. Recent political and economic reforms have been implemented with the goal of improving governance, increasing transparency, and strengthening the economy. These changes reflect a commitment to stability and the continuous improvement of the business environment, crucial aspects for foreign investors.

Macroeconomic stability, driven by a solid monetary regime and responsible fiscal policies, has been one of Brazil's strengths. Additionally, the country has been striving to create a more business-friendly environment, with improvements and simplification of bureaucratic processes and incentives for innovation and technological development.

However, it is crucial to be aware of existing challenges, such as the complexity of the tax system and the nuances of local regulations. Additionally, companies must be prepared to navigate an environment that, although in the process of reform, still presents certain political and economic instability.

In summary, the economic and political landscape of Brazil is a mosaic of opportunities and challenges. With a growing economy and a constantly evolving political environment, Brazil presents itself as an attractive and promising market for foreign investments. A deep understanding of this context is essential for the success and sustainability of business operations in the country.

3 ) LEGAL ASPECTS IN COMPANY INCORPORATION


At first glance, forming a company in Brazil is a process that requires understanding and attention to various legal aspects, essential for ensuring compliance and the success of operations. Foreign investors and entrepreneurs must be particularly aware of the main types of corporate entities, the mandatory nature of having a manager, and the need to have a legal representative in Brazil.

  • THE MAIN TYPES OF CORPORATE ENTITIES:


In Brazil, the most common types of corporate entities for businesses are the Limited Liability Company (Ltda) and the Corporation (S.A.).

  • This type is often chosen by small and medium-sized enterprises due to its simpler and more flexible organizational structure.

  • In a Limited Liability Company (Ltda), the liability of the partners is limited to the value of their shares, yet all are collectively responsible for the full subscription of the Share Capital.

  • The Articles of Association, the document that governs the Ltda, is simpler to amend than the bylaws of Corporations (S.A.s).

  • One of the main characteristics of this type of corporate entity is the fact that it is considered a very personal society, meaning it centers on the importance the partner has for the development of the business.
  • Preferred by large companies and those looking to raise funds through the capital market.

  • Corporations (S.A.s) can be either publicly traded or privately held. Publicly traded ones can trade shares on the stock exchange.

  • The liability of shareholders is limited to the issue price of the shares subscribed or acquired.

  • They have a more complex structure, including general meetings, a Board of Directors, and a Fiscal Council, which facilitates the implementation of a more robust Corporate Governance.

  • Unlike the Limited Liability Company, the Corporation is characterized as a "Company by Shares," meaning the role of the shareholder here is not as predominant as in the Limited Liability Company. This allows for greater ease in conducting transactions with the company's shares.

A crucial point in the formation of a company in Brazil is the appointment of a manager, who can be a partner or a third party, with powers to manage and represent the company. However, there are some legal requirements for the manager::

  • The manager must necessarily have residence in Brazil.

  • Must be an Individual and not a Legal Entity.

  • Is responsible for the day-to-day management of the company and represents the company before third parties, including legal and fiscal obligations.

  • The appointment of the manager must be registered before the relevant authorities and included in the Articles of Association or Bylaws of the company.

For foreign partners, it is essential to appoint a legal representative residing in Brazil. This legal representative will be responsible for:

  • Representing the foreign partner in all necessary acts and operations in Brazil.

  • Receiving service/notifications of process in legal actions involving the foreign partner.

  • The power of attorney must grant specific powers and be registered in accordance with Brazilian legislation.

3.2.3 ) Other Relevant Aspects

Besides these points, foreign entrepreneurs and investors should consider:

  • The complexity of the Brazilian regulatory system, which requires continuous monitoring of legal changes.

  • The importance of specialized legal advice to navigate the Brazilian legal environment, including compliance issues, tax law, and labor law.

Establishing a company in Brazil involves a series of legal challenges. However, with the right guidance and a clear understanding of the legal requirements, structuring and operationalization can be done correctly, efficiently, in compliance with local legislation, which avoids expenses on rework, actions by regulatory agencies, and fines due to mistakes in the process.

4 ) THE BRAZILIAN TAX SYSTEM


The Brazilian tax system is known for its complexity and dynamism, representing a significant challenge for companies, especially foreign ones, seeking to establish or expand their operations in Brazil. Understanding this system is key to ensuring tax compliance and optimizing the company's tax burden.

4.1 ) TAX STRUCTURE

  • Brazil has three levels of government - federal, state and municipal - each with the power to institute and collect taxes.

  • Taxes are divided into fees, taxes and contributions, each with specific characteristics and rules.

4.1.1 ) Main Taxes:

  • Federal: Corporate Income Tax (IRPJ), Social Contribution on Net Profit (CSLL), Social Integration Program (PIS) and Contribution to the Financing of Social Security (COFINS).

  • State taxes: Tax on the Circulation of Goods and Services (ICMS).

  • Municipal: Services Tax (ISS).

4.1.2 ) Tax Regimes:

  • Simplified National System (Simples Nacional): Simplified regime for small and medium-sized companies, with limited annual turnover.

  • Presumed Profit (Lucro Presumido): The basis for calculating IRPJ and CSLL is presumed based on turnover. Suitable for companies with annual gross revenue within certain limits.

  • Real Profit (Lucro Real): Taxes calculated on the company's real net profit. Mandatory for companies with high annual turnover or that carry out certain activities.

4.2 ) TAX INCENTIVES AND SPECIAL REGIMES

  • There are a number of tax incentives and special regimes, both at federal, state and municipal level, which companies can take advantage of, depending on the sector in which they operate, their geographical location and other specific characteristics.

  • Regional incentives, such as those available in the Manaus Free Trade Zone, offer significant benefits for companies setting up in certain regions.

4.3 ) TAX PLANNING CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES

  • The complexity of the Brazilian tax system requires careful and strategic tax planning, aimed at legally minimizing tax burdens and maximizing tax efficiency.

  • The constant changes in tax legislation require companies to keep up to date in order to ensure compliance and take advantage of possible tax benefits.

In summary, the Brazilian tax system, with its peculiarities, even considered to be one of the most complex in the world, is a crucial component to be considered by any company wishing to operate in Brazil. A thorough understanding and effective management of taxes are essential for the success and sustainability of business operations in the country.

5 ) LABOR LAW AND EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS


Brazilian labour law is characterized by its breadth and complexity, and is a crucial aspect for foreign companies seeking to operate in Brazil. In short, this field governs relations between employers and employees, establishing rights and obligations for both parties.

However, understanding these rules is vital to ensuring legal compliance and promoting a balanced working environment.


5.1 ) STRUCTURE OF BRAZILIAN LABOR LAW

Labor legislation in Brazil is based on the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT), which details a wide range of issues, from working hours to rights such as vacations, 13th salary and prior notice. As such, employment contracts can vary, including modalities for time:

i) indefinite period;

ii) Fixed-term, and;

iii) temporary.

The legislation favors job stability, and termination without just cause can result in significant compensation.

5.2 ) EMPLOYER OBLIGATIONS

Employers in Brazil have a number of obligations, such as adhering to the standard working day of 44 hours a week, paying labor rights, including paid vacations and the 13th salary, as well as FGTS and INSS contributions. It is also their responsibility to ensure a safe and healthy working environment, complying with health and safety regulations.

4.3 ) HIRING EMPLOYEES

The hiring of employees, whether local or foreign, is regulated by specific rules. Foreign workers need proper work visas and companies must observe certain quotas for the proportion of local workers to foreigners. Hiring processes must respect principles of equality and non-discrimination.

5.4 ) BUSINESS CULTURE AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

Business culture in Brazil has its own peculiarities, with a management style that values personal relationships and a collaborative working environment. Adapting to this culture is important for effective management and for establishing productive working relationships.

Due to the complexity of labor laws, the guidance of professionals specializing in labor law is essential. They can help interpret the rules, ensure legal compliance and provide strategic guidance for managing employment relationships.

In synthesis, labor law in Brazil, with its specificities, represents a challenging field, but one that can be managed with the right knowledge and legal support. In this way, an informed and careful approach can not only minimize legal risks, but also contribute to creating a harmonious and motivating work environment.

6 ) INTERNATIONAL TRADE REGULATIONS


For foreign companies interested in the Brazilian market, it is essential to understand the regulation of international trade and investment in the country.

Brazil has a specific regulatory system that governs these areas, with agencies such as the Central Bank of Brazil (BACEN) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM) playing crucial roles.


6.1 ) OVERVIEW OF THE BRAZILIAN REGULATORY SYSTEM

Brazil's regulatory system is complex and involves several government and regulatory agencies. The rules and regulations are detailed and can vary considerably depending on the industry. For foreign investors, it is essential to have a thorough knowledge of these regulations to ensure smooth operations and legal compliance.

6.2 ) THE ROLE OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF BRAZIL (BACEN)

  • Capital Control: BACEN plays a significant role in regulating the flow of foreign capital into and out of Brazil. However, foreign companies must register their investments with BACEN in order to repatriate profits or capital and carry out other foreign exchange operations.

  • Foreign Exchange Regulations: Brazilian foreign exchange legislation, overseen by BACEN, establishes the rules for foreign currency transactions, including direct investments and intercompany loans.

6.3 ) THE SECURITIES COMMISSION (COMISSÃO DE VALORES MOBILIÁRIOS - CVM)

  • Capital Markets: The CVM is the agency responsible for regulating the securities market in Brazil. It sets the rules for the public offering of shares, bonds and other securities.

  • Investor Protection: The CVM also has the function of protecting investors, ensuring transparency and fairness in the Brazilian capital market.

6.4 ) REGULATIONS FOR FOREIGN INVESTMENTS

  • Sectoral Regulations: Depending on the sector, there may be specific regulations that affect foreign investments, such as limits on participation in certain sectors and the regulatory approvals required.

  • Investment Incentives: Brazil offers various incentives for foreign investment, including programs in sectors such as renewable energy, infrastructure and technology.

6.5 ) IMPORTANCE OF REGULATORY COMPLIANCE

  • To operate successfully in Brazil, foreign companies must ensure full compliance with local regulations. This includes compliance with foreign exchange rules, sector regulations and registration requirements.

  • Lack of compliance can result in significant penalties, as well as negatively impacting the company's reputation and operations.

6.6 ) LEGAL ADVICE AS A STRATEGIC LEVER

  • The complexity of the Brazilian regulatory system makes specialized legal advice not only advisable, but essential. Qualified professionals can provide valuable guidance on the regulatory framework, assist in the registration process and ensure adherence to current standards.

Therefore, the regulation of international trade and investment in Brazil is a fundamental aspect that requires detailed attention on the part of foreign companies. A thorough understanding of the role of bodies such as BACEN and CVM, as well as adherence to sectoral and foreign exchange regulations, is crucial to ensuring successful operations and compliance with Brazilian legislation.

7 ) THE RADAR SYSTEM FOR IMPORT AND EXPORT


The RADAR system is vital for international trade in Brazil. This segment explores in depth the process of obtaining RADAR, differentiating between Limited and Unlimited RADAR, and discusses how SISCOMEX works, highlighting the importance of this system for efficient import and export operations.

For foreign companies planning to engage in import and export activities in Brazil, understanding and navigating the RADAR system is essential. RADAR, which stands for "Registro e Rastreamento da Atuação dos Intervenientes Aduaneiros", is a system implemented by the Brazilian Federal Revenue Service to control foreign trade operations.

This system is the key to accessing SISCOMEX (Integrated Foreign Trade System), which is the Brazilian government's electronic platform for processing all import and export activities.


7.1 ) RADAR SYSTEM FUNCTIONALITY

  • Qualification to Operate in Foreign Trade: In order to carry out imports or exports, companies need to be qualified in the RADAR system. This is the first step for any company wishing to enter the Brazilian foreign trade market.

  • Control and Monitoring: The RADAR system allows the Federal Revenue Service to monitor and control foreign trade operations, ensuring compliance with customs regulations.

7.2 ) TYPES OF RADAR CLEARANCE

There are mainly two types of RADAR clearance, each suitable for different volumes of operations:

  • Limited RADAR: Aimed at companies with smaller volume operations. There is a value limit for import and export transactions carried out under this modality.

  • Unlimited RADAR: Suitable for companies with a larger volume of foreign trade operations. There are no value limits for transactions under this modality.

7.3 ) PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A RADAR LICENSE

  • Documentation and requirements: Obtaining a RADAR LICENSE involves submitting a series of documents and information to the Federal Revenue Service*. This may include data on the company's corporate structure, financial information, among others.

  • Analysis by the Federal Revenue Service*: After submission, the Federal Revenue Service analyzes the application to ensure that the company meets the necessary requirements to carry out foreign trade operations.

*equivalent to Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

7.4 ) IMPORTANCE OF RADAR LICENSE FOR FOREIGN COMPANIES

  • Access to the Brazilian Import and Export Market: Without RADAR qualification, companies cannot carry out import and export operations in Brazil, making this registration a fundamental step.

  • Customs Compliance: Compliance with customs regulations is crucial, and the RADAR system is a central tool for ensuring that companies are operating within the law.

Accordingly, given the complexity of the process of obtaining RADAR and the importance of ensuring compliance with all customs regulations, the assistance of professionals specializing in international trade and customs law is strongly recommended.

As a result, the RADAR system is a crucial component of foreign trade operations in Brazil. For foreign companies, understanding and qualifying for this system is an indispensable step towards efficiently accessing the Brazilian import and export market.

8 ) INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND DATA PROTECTION


proteção de dados e propriedade intelectual

In the Brazilian business landscape, the protection of intellectual property and personal data are aspects of paramount importance, especially for foreign companies seeking to operate in the country. Brazil has specific legislation to protect intellectual property and, more recently, implemented the General Data Protection Law (LGPD), influenced by the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), to regulate the collection and processing of personal data.

8.1 ) PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

  • Wide-ranging legislation: Brazil offers comprehensive legislation for the protection of intellectual property, including patents, trademarks, copyrights and trade secrets.

  • Registration and Inspection Authorities: The National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) is the body responsible for registering and granting patents and trademarks in Brazil.

  • Strategic importance: Effective protection of intellectual property is crucial for companies seeking to safeguard their innovations, brands and exclusive creations.

8.2 ) DATA PROTECTION LAW (LEI GERAL DE PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS - LGPD)

  • Data Regulation: The LGPD, which came into force in September 2020, establishes a new legal framework for the collection, use, processing and storage of personal data in Brazil, both online and offline.

  • Principles and Requirements: The law is based on several principles, such as purpose, adequacy, necessity, transparency, security, prevention, non-discrimination and accountability.

  • Data Subject Rights: The LGPD grants individuals various rights in relation to their personal data, including the right of access, correction, portability, deletion and confirmation of processing.

8.3 ) COMPLIANCE WITH THE LGPD

  • Impact for Companies: All companies that process personal data in Brazil or collect data from individuals located in Brazil must comply with the LGPD.

  • Mandatory Measures: Companies must adopt technical and administrative measures to protect personal data from unauthorized access and from accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, communication or any form of improper or unlawful processing.

  • Appoint a Data Protection Officer (DPO): The designation of a DPO (Data Protection Officer) is recommended to facilitate communication between the company, the data subjects and the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD).

In other words, intellectual property protection and compliance with the LGPD are essential for companies operating in Brazil, especially those dealing with technology, personal data and intellectual property. Thus, understanding and adhering to these regulations is essential to ensure safe and sustainable operations in the Brazilian market.

9. CASE STUDY


Vanzin & Penteado Law Firm, with more than 26 years of experience in business and international law, has advised several foreign companies on establishing their operations in Brazil, as well as achieving success in the country through strategic analysis, corporate structuring, representation, contractual instrumentation, tax, regulatory and commercial consultancy.

The following are some of the firm's most recent cases, which can be shared, and reflect both its know-how and its ability to create creative and innovative solutions for clients:

9.1 ) TIME.LY

Timely, a Canadian company, entrusted Vanzin & Penteado Law Firm with the task of developing data protection and information security policies. These policies were compliance requirements for one of the company's prospects, FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association).

With a strong combination of legal knowledge of all the applicable laws and regulations, as well as a technical understanding of the context, Vanzin & Penteado's specialist lawyers developed all the documents and ensured that Timely not only complied with the legislation, but also met the standards requested by FIFA and closed the contract with this major player in the market. FIFA continues to be Timely's client today.



9.2 ) UPDAIRY


Updairy, an innovative Singaporean company, faced the challenge of launching its operation in Brazil. Vanzin & Penteado played a crucial role in the legal structuring of this venture, from planning, setting up a Brazilian subsidiary, assisting with the transfer and legalization of foreign funds, and providing strategic advice at all stages. The result was Updairy's quick, smooth and effective entry into the Brazilian market.



9.3 ) LuckCatch



LuckCatch, a Hong Kong company, sought the expertise of Vanzin & Penteado to structure its operation in Brazil. The legal services offered were: study and planning of the legal and tax impacts, legal representation of the company and shareholders, as well as the structuring of contracts. The work ensured that LuckCatch not only established its presence in Brazil, but also operated with full legal compliance and operational efficiency.


10 ) Final thoughts


Thinking about the journey of setting up a project and operating in the Brazilian market, it is clear that foreign companies face an environment full of peculiarities and potentialities. In a nutshell, this article sought to cover fundamental aspects such as the economic and political landscape, the legal framework for setting up companies, the complexities of the tax system, the nuances of labor law and international trade and investment regulations, as well as the growing importance of intellectual property and the protection of personal data, especially in light of the LGPD.


KEY POINTS:

  • Adapting to Regulatory Complexity: Brazil, with its detailed and dynamic regulatory system, requires foreign companies to adapt carefully and have a deep understanding of local norms, especially in areas such as taxation, labor law and foreign trade regulations.

  • Navigating the Business Environment: Companies must be prepared to face challenges such as language and cultural barriers, logistical complexities and an intricate tax system, while exploring a broad consumer market and emerging sectors.

  • Importance of Legal Compliance: In all fields - be it company incorporation, import and export operations, intellectual property protection or personal data management - legal compliance is a central pillar for business success in Brazil.

  • Strategic Partnerships: Collaboration with local consultants and experts, including specialized legal advice, is key to ensuring a smooth transition to the Brazilian market and the development of an effective, locally compliant business strategy.

Despite the challenges, Brazil offers fertile ground for foreign companies, with significant opportunities in various sectors. The key to success lies in the ability to adapt and engage deeply with the Brazilian business context, capitalizing on the unique opportunities the country offers.

In conclusion, Brazil represents both a challenge and an opportunity for foreign investors. With a well-informed, adaptive and legally aware approach, companies can not only overcome obstacles, but also thrive in this dynamic and promising market. Vanzin & Penteado Law Firm is prepared to be a strategic partner in this journey, offering the expertise and support needed to successfully navigate Brazil's complex but rewarding business environment.


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